The chacchado, picchado or chewing of coca leaves is an ancient practice in Andean cultures that transcends the simple act of chewing dried leaves. This custom, deeply rooted in indigenous tradition, not only has physiological purposes, such as alleviating hunger, thirst or fatigue, but also has great cultural and social significance.
In Inca times, coca was considered a luxury item reserved for emperors and nobility during sacred rituals. However, the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors marked a turning point in the history of this plant. The Spanish, recognizing the stimulating effects of coca, promoted its consumption among the indigenous population to extend the working hours of workers in the mines and fields.
Chacchado is the act of putting dried coca leaves in the mouth and forming a chewable ball to extract its active and stimulating substances. To enhance the effects of coca, it is necessary to add an alkaline component, such as llipta or “llijta”, which is a mixture of alkaline ash or quicklime. This process allows the alkaloids of coca to be released, intensifying its effect.
Beyond its physical properties, chacchado is a ritual act with profound social implications for Andean peoples. It is a symbol of cultural identity that unites people and perpetuates traditions passed down from generation to generation. In communities, the act of sharing coca is a gesture of hospitality and friendship, and is loaded with symbolism and respect.
Acullico has even influenced the language and culture of Andean peoples. In Quechua, for example, there are different conjugations of the verb “chew” that reflect the importance of this practice: “Acullicusaq cocata” (I chew coca), “Acullicu cocata” (you chew coca), “Kancunapas acullicuysi cocata” (you chew coca), “Acullicusun cocata” (we chew coca), “Paykuna aculliscan cocata” (they chew coca).
It is important to understand that chewing coca is not an apology for the indiscriminate use of this plant. Rather, it is an invitation to understand and respect the customs of the Andean peoples, which are often misinterpreted or prejudged by those who do not share these traditions. We must recognize that each culture has its own practices and values, and that these are no more or less valid than ours.
Coca chewing is more than a physical act; It is a connection to the land, history and community. It is a reminder of the cultural richness of the Andes and the importance of preserving and respecting these ancestral traditions.
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